Why did Emperor Hanwu become tyrannical?

Among the ancient tyrants, Emperor Hanwu's personal image was thehighest. The lack of literature left over from the Han Dynasty helped itget rid of the doom of digging a large number of black books. The successof several military adventures also turned his militarism into a brilliantstrategy. As for the legend of Liu Che's repentance in his later years,changing national policies and the rest of the people, it has become aconcentrated expression of the political mind, great personality and love ofthe people of a generation.

Many people were moved to the scene, but did not expect this widespread myth,which is far from historical facts.

1. The royal family's violence against the people

Liu Bang surpassed Xiang Yu under tyranny.

Before exploring the political mentality of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, wemight as well look at how the emperor of the early Han Dynasty treated hissubjects. If those saints who claim to be quiet regard ordinary people ashumble dogs. So, Liu Che has been tossing his whole life. How sympatheticwill he be to the working people? Anyone with a little head can imagine.

Liu Bang, a man of ordinary origin, should know the emperors of the Western HanDynasty who sympathized with the people's suffering. Among the variousrebel camps in the late Qin Dynasty, Pei Gong was considered a generouselder. When Xiang Yu was directly eliminated, the princes and kings urgedhim to move forward one after another, and repeatedly emphasized that LiuBang's virtues benefited the world. Even in the Qing dynasty more than1,000 years later, Yuan Mei, an immortal genius, even risked conviction,claiming that since the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, only the Han ancestorswere worthy of orthodoxy.

In people's eyes, Liu Bang is actually more terrible.

However, Han Gaozu, who claims to be an elder, is only loved by those in hisown rule group. But in terms of massacre, its performance is far moreviolent than Xiang Yu. By the year of the "Historical Records",there were only three records of the Xiang Yu massacre, but there werecountless records about the Liu Bang massacre. The founding fathers of theWestern Han Dynasty, while touting themselves, also realized the disadvantagesof their own class. When Liu Bang considered building Luoyang, Lou Jingbluntly said: The whole world was tortured to death. When the heart isunstable, it is better to establish Guanzhong, which is easy to maintain anddifficult to attack.

After Liu Bang ruled Lu Hou, he was very cruel to the Liu family, and naturallyhe would not relent to his subjects. Judging from Zhangjiashan's HanDynasty's "Two-year Statutes" and "Zou Yan Shu", thejudicial system of the Han Empire in this period completely inherited the Qinsystem, and it was obviously inclined to aggravate the suspect when convictinga case. The public has no hope for legal justice at all and still has totremble to avoid a large number of institutional traps.

Liu Bang's tolerance is mainly aimed at the

two most famous emperors of the ruling class , Wen Jing, whoundoubtedly showed more sympathy to the public than their predecessors andsuccessors, but this sympathy was limited. For example, although the twoemperors reduced the land tax rate to 1/30, the heaviest economic burden of theHan people was not land rent at all, but "capital tax" in the natureof a head tax. According to the claim that he lived in the late WesternHan Dynasty, Emperor Hanwen had reduced the per person's fee from 120 yuan to40 yuan. However, this good policy, which has a great impact on fiscalrevenue and expenditure, is not found in the "Historical Records" and"Hanshu-Wendi Ji". This is just a guess.

In 1972, archaeologists found an 80,000-square-meter criminal cemetery near thetomb of Emperor Han Jing. After calculation, thousands of corpses wereburied in a curved manner. Many tomb owners were cut in half or separatedfrom the body, and some died with a few kilograms of torture. As thevictims of Emperor Han Jing's construction of the underground palace of themausoleum, their tragic experience was a loud slap to the ruler's love for thepeople.

The achievements of Wen Jing's rule have also been greatly exaggerated.

Finally, even the highest thought in the early Han Dynasty, Huang Lao'sthought, has a different real connotation from later generations: "lovethe people like a child and be careful about the people likepower." Huang Lao's research seems very kind, but has some things incommon with legal theory.

According to the records of Ban Gu, a master of the Legal School,Sang Hongyang et al. Wrote to the court in 89 BC and suggested that theystation troops in Luntai, the hinterland of the Western Region. However,Liu Che has "regretted his long-term conquest" and "deeplyexpressed his past regrets." Therefore, the next imperial decreerejected this proposal and announced at the end of the article that theimperative is "to ban violence, to stop being good at donations, toempower farmers, and to revise Ma decrees to fill vacancies instead of beingunprepared". Since then, the Prime Minister Che was appointed as arich man and showed his determination to rest with the people.

Today's Western Region Typhoon Scenery

The article itself has many questions. First, Ban Gu used the words"remorse distant conquest" and "deep remorse for the past"in the text of the scripture, which made him feel that he wanted to conduct acomprehensive review of his decades of domination. But in the text of theimperial edict, the trilateral offensive of the Han Army was reflected only ayear ago. Among them, Li Guangli and Hou underperformed, but this is notthe same as their persistence in life.

In addition, Liu Che made several technical adjustments to the state affairs,but never changed his original intention of opening the border. Forexample, in 128 B.C., the father-in-law advised the emperor to stop fightingthe violent Qin Wei period. After listening to the great joy, Liu Che sentWei Qing to attack Hetao the next year. Two years later, Emperor Hanwudecided to suspend expansion to the southwest. However, a few years later,marked by Huo's expedition to Hexi, it set off a new climax of war. By 120BC, Liu Che would halve the garrison in Shangjun, Beidi, and Longxi to preservecivilian power. As a result, 720,000 mainland residents were displaced andmoved to the frontiers the following year. All these performances cannothelp but doubt whether the imperial edict of Luntai is Liu Che's remorse or thebeginning of a new round of adjustments.

Emperor Han Wu has been sending a lot of manpower to the border.

Second, Liu Xiang's "Relieving the Elderly" in the late Western HanDynasty also appeared similar articles describing the remorse of the EmperorHan Wu and the prohibition of violence and peace. This book has many historicalerrors, and its credibility is worrying. The famous historian of the TangDynasty Liu Zhiji criticized this. However, when Ban Gu wrote "YuLao", he still quoted the "General" written by Liu Xiang and LiuXin's father and son for a long time, so the suspicious words in"Hanshu-Xi Yu Zhuan" may become Ban Gu's reference template again.

Of course, as the most important author of The New Preface, Ban Gu himselfexpressed doubts about the remorse of Emperor Hanwu in his lateryears. Although he borrowed the rotating imperative of "Han Shu-YiWen Zhi", he euphemistically claimed that Liu Che had a penitentheart. The "Seven Syllabus", as the name implies, deals onlywith matters related to the Western Regions. It ranks last in the New Preface,with a complete style, reaching 100 volumes. There is no major news in theHan Book about the overall policy of the court. When Ban Gu followed SimaQian's "Tai Shi Gong Yan" and wrote a review to Liu Che, he could notsay a word of noble character. However, the doubts in the above text areinsufficient to draw conclusions. In order to determine whether Liu Che isawake, it is necessary to conduct a detailed investigation of his way ofgoverning the country.

Emperor Hanwu never changed his militarism.

3. The obsessed husband

Emperor Hanwu never thought of a fundamental policy adjustment.

In the long-term rule, although Liu Che implemented countless complex policies,the general line of governing the country and governing the people is clearlydiscernible. The most important starting point of this route is the use ofmilitary power abroad.

In all fairness, the military action of Emperor Hanwu has the just attributesof fighting bully by the Huns and safeguarding border security. However,after 119 BC, when the Huns fled to the desert due to repeated attacks by theHan army, there was no royal court in the southern part of the desert. Inother words, the Huns' border invasion of the Central Plains Empire hasbasically been lifted. However, Liu Che, who had difficulty meeting hisneeds, allowed the war to last for decades.

The military operations of Emperor Hanwu in the middle and late periodsbelonged to the love of war by greedy soldiers.

To support changed militarism, Liu Che used gathered officials to deal withoverburdened people. This leads to another basic point of his o-line.

If Emperor Hanwu really woke up in his later years, he should take practicalaction to eliminate the three major burdens of people's livelihood, namelyforeign troops, money-making and cruel officials. However, after thepromulgation of the Round Taiwan Decree, Liu Che just stopped fighting and didnot abolish the disadvantages of the salt and iron official camp and themonopoly of liquor. As for its claim to support the people and enrichthem, this is a joke. He did order Zhao Guo to implement the "landreplacement law" to increase the yield per mu of grain, but the amount ofroyal grain that farmers must pay also increased. It can be seen that thepurpose of the so-called "Hui Nong" is only to find morepeople. Che Qianqiu, a "rich man" and political figure

of various government-operated iron

Koreans unearthed in later Han dynasties, suggested that the emperoradjust his judicial policy and stop killing innocent people. Liu Che flatlyrefused, and warned them not to mention it again. Just before EmperorHanwu was about to die, he sent a commissioner to behead all those imprisoned,no matter how serious their crimes were, because people around him said thatthere was an emperor's breath in Chang'an prison. These two majorviolations are continuing without progress, which in turn shows that stoppingmilitary operations is only an expedient measure. However, the death hadseen enough of the Han people's massacre, which completely ended Liu Che'sambition and life.

Of course, changing course doesn't happen overnight. After thepromulgation of "Luntaiyu", Emperor Hanwu lived for only about twoyears. Would history change much if God gave him more time? theanswer is negative! the reason is simple. Emperor Hanwu was not apolitical idiot. When he predicted that time was running out, he chose hisconfidante to help his youngest son. One of the most important ministersis Sang Hongyang, who is a representative of the implementation of policies forwealth accumulation and malfeasance.

Emperor Han Wu's policy made his successors dependent on paths.

Although Sang Hongyang collapsed in the future political struggle, Huo Guang,who won the game of power, was another confidant that Liu Che gave to ZhouGong. As the official representative of the imperial power, Huo Guang didnot dare to act like the old master or restrain himself when he served thepeople.

But in general, the three major diseases continue. For example, in 72 BC,he launched a 160,000 offensive against the Huns with fivearmies. However, the record is staggering, with all five teams performingmediocrely, including one with only 19. After Huo Guang's death, theemperor Xuan Emperor of the Han Dynasty began to reform the judicial system andclean up the prison. After Emperor Han Xuan's succession, Emperor HanXuan, the removal of salt and iron officials and the restoration of thepro-friend policy have become a reality. Almost 40 years have passed sinceLiu Che's death.

After Emperor Hanwu, this policy continued for a long time.

It can be seen from the above that Emperor Hanwu did not show his love for thepeople throughout his life. Absolute power has swelled so much that it isnot reflecting on its tyranny as it approaches death. However, the Hanpeople boasted that "hair is like leek, hair is cut back, head is chicken,hair is cut back, shit", there is little hope for the government. Atbest, I will feel cold under the grave, because many descendants will be messedup by the tyrants.

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